Noise channel reference
Every channel in this library is named after the corresponding channel in the noise-model appendix of the dual-Yb surface-code paper. This page is the mapping between the paper’s notation and the Python identifiers.
Naming convention
| Paper notation |
Identifier |
Example |
| subscript |
joined with _ |
LOSS_g, ZERR_gm, DECAY_rg |
superscript (...) |
appended with _ |
LOSS_g^(meas) → LOSS_g_meas, DECAY_mg^(gate) → DECAY_mg_gate |
probability p_n^(x) |
p_n_x |
p_1^(gm) → p_1_gm, p_2^(dual) → p_2_dual |
transition probability p_(a→b)^(x) |
p_a_b_x |
p_(g→L)^(meas) → p_g_L_meas |
rate Γ_ab |
gamma_ab |
Γ_rg → gamma_rg, Γ_gL → gamma_gL |
time T_n^(x), t_x |
T_n_x, t_x |
T_2^(gm) → T_2_gm, t_1Q^(c) → t_1Q_c |
Channel names appear as keys of the noise_channels dict on each Kraus class in dualybsim.kraus.yb171 / dualybsim.kraus.yb174, and as the channel argument of YbNoiseChannel.get_kraus_operators and CPTP.
Channels by category
The paper groups channels into six categories. Loss and decay channels are realised in Stim as HERALDED_ERASE; Pauli channels as PAULI_CHANNEL_1, DEPOLARIZE1, DEPOLARIZE2, X_ERROR or Z_ERROR.
Coherent-control
| Channel |
Isotope |
Meaning |
DEP1_c |
174 |
single-qubit depolarising error on the clock transition |
DEP1_g |
171 |
single-qubit depolarising error inside the ground manifold |
DEP1_m |
171 |
single-qubit depolarising error inside the metastable manifold |
DEP1_gm |
171 |
depolarising error during clock-transition excitation |
DECAY_mg_gate |
171 |
metastable→ground damping driven by the nuclear-spin control laser |
DEP2_c |
174 |
two-qubit depolarising error, clock–clock |
DEP2_m |
171 |
two-qubit depolarising error, m–m |
DEP2_dual |
171, 174 |
two-qubit depolarising error, 171-m with 174-clock |
Measurement
| Channel |
Isotope |
Meaning |
LOSS_g_meas |
171, 174 |
atom loss from the ground manifold during fluorescence imaging |
FLIP_g |
171 |
in-manifold bit flip induced by the imaging lasers |
MERR |
171, 174 |
classical discrimination error of the loss-aware readout |
Reset
| Channel |
Isotope |
Meaning |
LOSS_g_reset |
171, 174 |
loss from the ground manifold during preparation or motional reset |
LOSS_m_reset |
171 |
loss from the metastable manifold during spin reset |
FLIP_g |
171 |
nuclear-spin flip in the ground manifold during reset |
FLIP_m |
171 |
nuclear-spin flip in the metastable manifold during reset |
Idling
Probabilities follow p(t) = 1 − exp(−t/T).
| Channel |
Isotope |
Timescale |
ZERR_c |
174 |
T_2^(c) |
ZERR_g |
171 |
T_2^(g) |
ZERR_m |
171 |
T_2^(m) |
ZERR_gm |
171 |
T_2^(gm), clock-transition coherence. Available in the Kraus layer but not injected into circuits — see parameter_reference.md |
XERR_g |
171 |
T_1^(g) |
XERR_m |
171 |
T_1^(m) |
Decay
Probabilities follow p(t) = 1 − exp(−Γt). The Rydberg branches share a total rate Γ_Ryd split 0.51 / 0.42 / 0.07 into LOSS_r / DECAY_rg / DECAY_rm.
| Channel |
Isotope |
Rate |
LOSS_r |
171, 174 |
Γ_rL, Rydberg decay to untrapped or dark states |
DECAY_rg |
171, 174 |
Γ_rg, Rydberg decay to the ground manifold |
DECAY_rm |
171, 174 |
Γ_rm, Rydberg decay to the metastable manifold |
DECAY_mg |
171, 174 |
Γ_mg, metastable→ground decay |
LOSS_g |
171, 174 |
Γ_gL, ground-manifold loss from the finite trap lifetime |
LOSS_m |
171, 174 |
Γ_mL, metastable-manifold loss from the finite trap lifetime |
Transportation
| Channel |
Isotope |
Meaning |
LOSS_g_hand |
171, 174 |
ground-manifold loss during trap handover |
LOSS_m_hand |
171, 174 |
metastable-manifold loss during trap handover |
Which channels each Kraus class provides
| Class |
Channels |
Kraus1Q_174 |
DEP1_c, ZERR_c, LOSS_g, LOSS_m, DECAY_mg, LOSS_r, DECAY_rg, DECAY_rm |
Kraus2Q_174174 |
DEP2_c, ZERR_c, LOSS_g, LOSS_m, DECAY_mg, LOSS_r, DECAY_rg, DECAY_rm |
KrausRESET_174 |
LOSS_g_reset |
KrausMEASURE_DISC_174 |
MERR |
KrausMEASURE_174 |
LOSS_g_meas, LOSS_m, DECAY_mg, LOSS_r, DECAY_rg, DECAY_rm |
Kraus1QClock_171m |
DEP1_gm, LOSS_g, LOSS_m, DECAY_mg, LOSS_r, DECAY_rg, DECAY_rm |
Kraus1Q_171m |
DEP1_m, DECAY_mg_gate, ZERR_g, XERR_g, ZERR_m, XERR_m, ZERR_gm, LOSS_g, LOSS_m, DECAY_mg, LOSS_r, DECAY_rg, DECAY_rm |
Kraus2Q_171m171m |
DEP2_m, ZERR_g, XERR_g, ZERR_m, XERR_m, ZERR_gm, LOSS_g, LOSS_m, DECAY_mg, LOSS_r, DECAY_rg, DECAY_rm |
KrausRESET_171m |
LOSS_m_reset, FLIP_m |
KrausMEASURE_DISC_171m |
MERR |
KrausMEASURE_171m |
FLIP_g, LOSS_g_meas, ZERR_m, XERR_m, ZERR_gm, LOSS_m, DECAY_mg, LOSS_r, DECAY_rg, DECAY_rm |
Mapping from the legacy channel names
For anyone cross-reading against results produced before this library existed. The paper’s conventions section explicitly avoids leakage as a way of classifying errors, which is why every *LEAK name became either LOSS_* or DECAY_*.
| Legacy name |
Here |
GLEAK |
LOSS_g |
MLEAK |
LOSS_m |
MGLEAK |
DECAY_mg |
MGLEAK_gate |
DECAY_mg_gate |
RLEAK |
LOSS_r |
RGLEAK |
DECAY_rg |
RMLEAK |
DECAY_rm |
GZERR |
ZERR_g |
MZERR |
ZERR_m |
GMZERR |
ZERR_gm |
GXERR (T1 idling) |
XERR_g |
MXERR (T1 idling) |
XERR_m |
GXERR_read |
FLIP_g |
MXERR_prep |
FLIP_m |
GLOSS_prep |
LOSS_g_reset |
MLOSS_prep |
LOSS_m_reset |
GLOSS_meas, GLOSS_read |
LOSS_g_meas |
DEP1_gm (174 class) |
DEP1_c |
DEP2_gm (174 class) |
DEP2_c |
ZERR_gm (174 class) |
ZERR_c |
XERR_mr |
removed — no such channel in the paper, and the legacy default was 0 |
Three legacy keys were ambiguous because the same string named different physical channels in different classes; the paper names disambiguate them:
MXERR was the T_1^(m) idling channel in Kraus1Q_171m but the reset spin flip in KrausRESET_171m → now XERR_m and FLIP_m.
GXERR was the T_1^(g) idling channel but the imaging bit flip in KrausMEASURE_171m → now XERR_g and FLIP_g.
GLOSS was the reset loss in KrausRESET_174 but the readout loss in KrausMEASURE_174 / KrausMEASURE_171m → now LOSS_g_reset and LOSS_g_meas.
The twirled measurement helpers on NoiseModelParameters return the loss probability under the key p_loss (legacy: p_leak), matching the paper’s E_loss channel.